Dancehall

What is Dancehall?

Dancehall is both a music and a dance style that started in Jamaica’s inner-city communities, especially Kingston, in the late 1970s. It is performed at street parties, clubs, and open-air gatherings called dance halls, where sound systems play loud, bass-heavy tracks. Dancers move in energetic, often improvised ways, sometimes solo, sometimes in groups, responding to the rhythms and the deejay’s chants. Anyone can join in, and the style is known for its bold, expressive moves.

Where does Dancehall come from?

Dancehall grew out of reggae during a period of political and social change in Jamaica. It started among working-class people in Kingston who could not access uptown dances. The music and dance were shaped by sound system culture, where mobile DJs played records in open-air venues. The term 'dancehall' originally meant the venue, but by the early 1980s it became the name for both the music and the dance. The style reflected everyday life and concerns, often with gritty or provocative lyrics and moves.

How is Dancehall danced?

Dancehall dancing is lively and expressive, with moves that match the strong, fast rhythms of the music. Dancers use the whole body, with sharp footwork, hip movements, and gestures that can be playful, suggestive, or competitive. The style is open to improvisation, and new steps often spread quickly through parties and street events. Dancers may perform alone or in groups, sometimes echoing the lyrics or the deejay’s instructions.

The music of Dancehall

The music that drives dancehall is built on rhythmic tracks called riddims, with a heavy bass and fast tempo. Early dancehall used live instruments, but digital sounds became common in the 1980s, making rhythms even faster and more varied. Deejays 'toast' or chant over these tracks, often in Jamaican Patois, adding to the energy of the dance. The music is played through powerful sound systems, making the bass felt as much as heard.

Costume and what is carried

There is no set costume for dancehall. Dancers wear everyday clothes or street fashion, sometimes dressing up for parties with bold colors or statement pieces. The style is about self-expression, and dancers may use fashion to stand out or show confidence. In some parties, flashy or creative outfits are part of the scene.

When and where Dancehall is danced

Dancehall is danced at street parties, festivals, and club nights, especially in Kingston and other Jamaican cities. It is open to anyone who wants to join, and new moves are often created and shared at these events. Dancehall culture is passed on through participation, observation, and imitation, rather than formal teaching.

Styles of Dancehall

As dancehall spread, it developed regional styles and new moves, especially in Jamaican diaspora communities. The dance continues to evolve, with influences from other genres and local trends. Some dancers and crews become known for inventing steps or setting trends. The music and dance have also influenced other genres worldwide.

What Dancehall means

Dancehall is a key part of Jamaican popular culture and identity, especially for the urban working class. It has sometimes faced criticism for its lyrics and bold style, but it remains a major social and creative outlet. The dance and music have shaped fashion, language, and art in Jamaica and beyond, and are now recognized as global influences.

Questions people ask about Dancehall

Good reading and sources

• Encyclopaedia BritannicaArticle
• Homophobia in JamaicaThe Guardian, Article

• Dancehall on WikipediaEncyclopedia
• More photos and video on Wikimedia CommonsPhotos and video
• Wikidata recordOpen data
• Videos of Dancehall on YouTubeSearch results, not chosen by Ghungroo