Yangge

What is Yangge?

Yangge is a group dance from northern China, often seen in both rural and urban areas. People gather in lines or circles, sometimes forming processions that move through streets or public squares. Dancers wear bright costumes, often with a red silk ribbon tied at the waist, and may carry props like fans, drums, or even ride fake donkeys. The music is loud and energetic, played on drums, trumpets, and gongs. The dance is open to anyone, and crowds often join in as it moves along.

Where does Yangge come from?

Yangge traces its roots to a Song dynasty dance called Village Music. It became especially popular in northern China, where it was performed during New Year celebrations and other festivals. In the 1940s, the Chinese Communist Party adopted and reformed yangge as a tool for political messaging, simplifying its steps and changing its themes to support socialist ideals. This period saw the rise of 'Struggle Yangge,' which removed some traditional elements and added new rules for performance.

How is Yangge danced?

The dance is marked by swinging body movements, with dancers stepping forward and back in repeated patterns. In some styles, dancers move in single file or circles, following a leader who may carry an umbrella or other prop. Movements can be brisk and lively, sometimes imitating daily life or telling stories. In stilt yangge, dancers perform on tall wooden stilts, adding height and spectacle. Props like fans or drums are swung or played as part of the dance.

The music of Yangge

Yangge is accompanied by loud, rhythmic music. Drums, trumpets, and gongs set the pace and mood. Songs may be improvised, especially by the leader, with the group echoing lines. In traditional settings, the music and singing can include playful or congratulatory exchanges, while in reformed versions, the songs focus on political or social themes.

Costume and what is carried

Dancers wear colorful outfits, often in red and green, with a red silk ribbon tied around the waist. Some versions feature traditional Manchu dress or costumes to represent different characters. Props such as fans, waistdrums, umbrellas, or even fake donkeys and litters are common. In stilt yangge, performers wear costumes that cover the stilts, creating a dramatic effect.

When and where Yangge is danced

Yangge is most often danced during festivals, especially the New Year, but also appears at other celebrations and public gatherings. It is popular among older people, but open to all. In the past, it was a village rite, but it is now common in both countryside and city streets. Performances can be spontaneous, with people joining as the dance moves along.

Styles of Yangge

There are many regional styles of yangge. In Shaanxi, large groups follow a leader called the santou, with comic characters and changing formations. Shandong has several types, including guzi yangge, where dancers take on specific roles. Liaoning and Beijing are known for stilt yangge, with dancers performing on stilts in the street or open spaces. Manchurian yangge features brisk movements and traditional dress.

What Yangge means

Yangge is seen as a symbol of northern Chinese folk culture and community spirit. It has been used to promote national identity and, at times, political messages. The dance has adapted over time, reflecting changes in society and government policy. It remains a lively part of public life, especially during major festivals, and is recognized as one of China's most representative folk arts.

Questions people ask about Yangge

Good reading and sources

• Encyclopaedia BritannicaArticle

• Yangge on WikipediaEncyclopedia
• More photos and video on Wikimedia CommonsPhotos and video
• Wikidata recordOpen data
• Videos of Yangge on YouTubeSearch results, not chosen by Ghungroo